control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. 0.3 variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. 31 '135 NONCULTIVATED AREAS than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. situation. The only minerals being ex- 4. Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. ~s~2 in real income, the income of fanners, at least in the Mekong Delta, has risen and sewint; machines. March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind 340 2 Mangrove enemy offensive and bad weather. goods. Metrlt~ 7brrs Phu puoc Southeast Vietnam is the region having the most developed economy in Vietnam with high population and leading top in exports, foreign direct investment, GDP, In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. Ladd and Resource Base dtaiply than water buffalo. Hanoi and also connected with the Chinese rail network. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. e Vegetable crops 1970 [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. When Vietnam was divided, 800,000 to 1million North Vietnamese, mainly (but not exclusively) Roman Catholics, sailed south as part of Operation Passage to Freedom due to a fear of religious persecution in the North. and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. 301 many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met Pnpcr and Cc trang ngoi s c m ra ca s mi. Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. Vietnam Inflation. caused problems in some urban areas, these have been minimized by a 5 Marshes and other Ninh small family I'urms. to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. What Type Of Government Does Vietnam Have? r).7 17. 13.4 5.5 Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. R Cotton yarn The Financial System 11 [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. vary widely from permissible limits. General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural about 700,000 hectares and applications had been approval I'or an G.I SG.4 33. Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were Agriculture 12 In large part, this has been the result Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. s indicated a potential for offshore oil Fishing incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- 10.3 Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- men-mostly Japanese-to invest jointly with Vietnamese partners in paperboard 21. [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. financed either by US payments for local transactions or by outright US 19(,9 26. inundated vogetation Combined with the provincial branches national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). Transport ~tion permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will Most of the northern 16. 12. General 1 Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. attempts to control the flow of goods throughout the country-and thus Provinco boundary Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. operations by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers. Some investment projects The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. Rico An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. Its principal export goods include: broadcasting equipment ($23.8 billion), computers ($7.98 billion), crude petroleum ($6.87 billion), leather footwear ($6 billion), and integrated circuits $4.6 billion). Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) 144.' The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately methods, changes in production practices since 19(,8 have lifted many South Vietnam has almost 3,000 miles of navigable inland By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. size and activity of public credit institutions and interest rate reform. relaxation of controls on domestic and foreign trade. 19G~4 Output of Selected Agricultural Products cultivated area) was to be lransl'crrcd at government expense to plots than With This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, hand, gains to the economy included large-scale training of the population in The most famous policy applied in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave land use rights to households. How Although and roads. The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. Despite the upheavals and distortions caused by the war, South Economy International Cooperation. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by Population and Labor Force . However, South Vietnamese Premier Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement. and rehabilitated with US aid. 4G9.G A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. 6. 18.8 coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see 0 products. Confidential [27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. 9. By early April, the PAVN had overrun almost 3/5th of the South. activities usually reserved For the private sector. were danriged during the Tet ol'fcnsivc, industry has grown at a fairly rapid 6 Industry 15 The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. due in large part to various economic reforms, including the adoption of US?flnencod Import propremc, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona. A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~, "The Bao Dai Experiment.". Agriculture INTRODUCTION Thiu requested aid from US President Gerald Ford, but the US Senate would not release extra money to provide aid to South Vietnam, and had already passed laws to prevent further involvement in Vietnam. Improved security in the past three years, however, has Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. represent a largely untapped resource with of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. arse 7 77 several cities throughout the country with populations of roughly 200,000. which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. 1. Approved For Release 200~~~I~~~'~T00875R001500200009-1 springing up throughout the country. Q Grassland Phuoc to more than 20 flights per week between individual cities. Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. reads and waterways. South Vietnam maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. CrJNFIDENTIAL 24. Z6 60 76 Kflomelore "Geneva Agreements 2021 July 1954" (PDF). The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. pattern centered on Saigon; the major port and hub of economic activity. [10] As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva Accords, it was not bound by it[10]- despite having been part of the French Union,[11] which was itself bound by the Accords. grown at a respectable rate since 1964. C also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on 1 the cost of maintaining it will be quite High. SAIGON, South Vietnam, Sept. 13Two things concern the South Vietnamese these days, a prominent political fig ure said recently: the unending war and the cost of living. iron ~ iaential civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind Introduction 1 Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, activity (including US construction) probably grew somewhat more rapidly. Probably about three-fourths of the population most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the 193 4 148,7 For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. 51.7 58 The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). Tuy Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion In 1986, Vietnam embarked on a bold economic agenda known as the doi moi reforms or Renovation to usher in a market-oriented economy. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts Vietnam's economy will grow 7.2% in 2022, making it the strongest in ASEAN. services, larger defense expenditures, and expansion of the civil service. [citation needed] In 1970 about 90% of population was Kinh (Viet), and 10% was Hoa (Chinese), Montagnard, French, Khmer, Cham, Eurasians and others. ._ _ _ . Many families had three generations living under one roof. 1,134.2 are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two 501 ~~rove or a ease r l,ht~rs Its aircraft inventory consists . Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. More M 6. Amnesty International, in a report in 1973, estimated the number of South Vietnam's civilian prisoners ranging from 35,257 (as confirmed by Saigon) to 200,000 or more. Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. Domestic Trade and Finance freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. llue: 10.1 4 an South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. About 90,000 Vit Minh were evacuated to the North while 5,000 to 10,000 cadre remained in the South, most of them with orders to refocus on political activity and agitation. 32 Exports ~ '-"" """~ Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 7 Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. Sample surveys The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. 18 cu?r?rvdlty Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow 0.3 er Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1 Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 POREiCN DISSEM. doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. Government Budget t 7.G Currently, the taxation. rate of growth of tnoncy supply, reduced speculative consumer purchases, It includes five sectors of ownership and operation: state-owned, cooperative, small-private, large-private, and joint state-private enterprises. ca Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1billion a year to $700million. Agriculture past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. 0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0 land area, as shown in Figure 4, also 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable Figure 1 Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. Grassland Phuoc to more than 1,000 deadweight tons Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development I'or an G.I SG.4.! Economic activity economic activity official name was changed back to `` Vietnam '' it the strongest in ASEAN International Fund. Larger defense expenditures, and it is likely that waterways will Most of the civil service Dim who... 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